恩培多克勒之死

说实话，第一次看《恩培多克勒之死》时，我几乎要被那种刻意疏离的朗诵式对白逼退。斯特劳布与于伊耶的镜头冷静而克制，大量固定长景深构图，让西西里岛的荒原与风声本身成为了叙事的主角。 叙事上他们彻底抛弃了情节，只有对话、风景、沉默的交替捶打。 威廉姆·伯格演的恩培多克勒尤其妙，他很少说“我要殉道”，反而总低头收拾桌上的陶瓶、替邻居修篱笆，直到最后走向火山口时，脚步还带着日常散步的散漫，却让“死亡”不再是抽象的符号，变成了一个人对自己信仰的“温柔完成”。 如果你偏爱“慢得能听见思想呼吸”的电影，愿意在两个小时里跟着镜头推敲一句台词的重量，或者想看看古人如何用生命解答“人为何存在”的命题，那么这部裹着历史尘埃的影片，会像一把轻轻推开的门，让你撞见一种比戏剧更炽热的、关于“信仰”的真实。威廉姆·伯格饰演的恩培多克勒，那种决绝跳入火山的姿态，既像疯子又像圣人，他身上那种对世俗的厌倦演得太有说服力了。

The subject of Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub’s Der Tod des Empedokles (The Death of Empedocles, 1987) is the Greek pre-Socratic philosopher Empedocles (c. 490 BC – 430 BC), who lived in the Greek colony of Agrigentum in Sicily. His theories are mentioned in several of Plato’s dialogues. He maintained that all matter is made up of four irreducible elements water, earth, air and fire. A mystic and a poet, he is considered to be the founder of classical rhetoric. He is also thought to be the last Greek philosopher to write in verse; two fragments of his works survive Katharmoi (Purifications) and Peri Phuseôs (On Nature). An advocate of democracy, he came into conflict with his fellow citizens of Agrigentum and, as result, was banished with his young disciple, Pausanius. When he was asked to return, he preferred to commit suicide by throwing himself into the active volcano at Mount Aetna.　　The German writer Friedrich Hölderlin wrote two versions of Der Tod des Empedokles in 1798 and 1800, and a final third version in 1820, all three ultimately unfinished. They were conceived as five-act tragedies and all three differ in plot. According to Michael Hamburger, Hölderlin’s English-language translator,　　the main reason why Hölderlin finished no version of the play must be that he remained too closely identified with Empedocles, at the very period in his life when his own view of the poet as philosopher, prophet and priest – and as tragic hero – was subject to perpetual crisis and re-examination.　　Huillet-Straub’s The Death of Empedocles is based on Hölderlin’s first version (the longest of the three), whereas Black Sin is based on the third version.

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